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Psalm 18 Semantics
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Psalm 18/Semantics
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YHWH fights my battles
Psalm 18
Guardian: Joseph Habib
About the Grammar & Semantics Layer
Semantics is the study of how language is used to represent meaning. The goal of semantic analysis for interpreting and translating the Bible is to understand the meaning of words and how they relate to each other in context. We want to understand what is implicit about word meaning – and thus assumed by the original audience – and make it explicit – and thus clear for us who are removed by time, language, and culture. The semantics layer is composed of three major branches: lexical semantics, phrase-level semantics and verbal semantics.
About the Grammar Layer
The grammar layer visually represents the grammar and syntax of each clause. It also displays alternative interpretations of the grammar. (For more information, click "Show/Hide Grammar Legend" below.)
| Visualization | Description |
|---|---|
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The clause is represented by a horizontal line with a vertical line crossing through it, separating the subject and the verb. |
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The object is indicated by a vertical line that does not cross the horizontal line of the clause. Infinitives and participles may also have objects. If the direct object marker (d.o.m.) is present in the text, it appears in the diagram immediately before the object. If the grammar includes a secondary object, the secondary object will appear after the object, separated by another vertical line that does not cross the horizontal line of the clause. |
 |
The subject complement follows the verb (often omitted in Hebrew) separated with a line leaning toward the right. It can be a noun, a whole prepositional phrase or an adjective. The later two appear modifying the complement slot. |
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When a noun further describes or renames the object, it is an object complement. The object complement follows the object separated by a line leaning toward the right. |
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In a construct chain, the noun in the absolute form modifies the noun in the construct form. |
 |
Participles are indicated in whatever position in the clause they are in with a curved line before the participle. Participles can occur as nominal, where they take the place of a noun, predicate, where they take the place of a verb, or attributive, where they modify a noun or a verb similar to adjectives or adverbs. |
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Infinitives are indicated by two parallel lines before the infinitive that cross the horizontal line. Infinitive constructs can appear as the verb in an embedded clause. Infinitive absolutes typically appear as an adverbial. |
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The subject of the infinitive often appears in construct to it. In this situation, the infinitive and subject are diagrammed as a construct chain. |
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The object of the infinitive is indicated by a vertical line that does not cross the horizontal line of the infinitival clause. |
 |
Modifiers are represented by a solid diagonal line from the word they modify. They can attach to verbs, adjectives, or nouns. If modifying a verb or adjective, it is an adverb, but if modifying a noun, it is an adjective, a quantifier, or a definite article. If an adverb is modifying a modifier, it is connected to the modifier by a small dashed horizontal line. |
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Adverbials are indicated by a dashed diagonal line extending to a horizontal line. These are nouns or infinitives that function adverbially (modifying either a verb or a participle), but are not connected by a preposition. |
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Prepositional phrases are indicated by a solid diagonal line extending to a horizontal line. The preposition is to the left of the diagonal line and the dependent of the preposition is on the horizontal line. They can modify verbs (adverbial) or nouns (adjectival). |
 |
Embedded clauses are indicated by a "stand" that looks like an upside-down Y. The stand rests in the grammatical position that the clause fulfills. Extending from the top of the stand is a horizontal line for the clause. If introduced by a complementizer, for example כִּי, the complementizer appears before the stand. Embedded clauses can stand in the place of any noun. |
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When clauses are joined by a conjunction, they are compound clauses. These clauses are connected by a vertical dotted line. The conjunction is placed next to the dotted line. |
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Within a clause, if two or more parts of speech are compound, these are represented by angled lines reaching to the two compound elements connected by a solid vertical line. If a conjunction is used, the conjunction appears to the left of the vertical line. Almost all parts of speech can be compound. |
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Subordinate clauses are indicated by a dashed line coming from the line dividing the subject from the predicate in the independent clause and leading to the horizontal line of the subordinate clause. The subordinating conjunction appears next to the dashed line. |
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Relative clauses also have a dashed line, but the line connects the antecedent to the horizontal line of the relative clause. The relative particle appears next to the dashed line. |
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Sentence fragments are represented by a horizontal line with no vertical lines. They are most frequently used in superscriptions to psalms. They are visually similar to discourse particles and vocatives, but most often consist of a noun phrase (that does not refer to a person or people group) or a prepositional phrase. |
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In the body of the psalm, a horizontal line by itself (with no modifiers or vertical lines) can indicate either a discourse particle or a vocative (if the word is a noun referring to a person or people group). A discourse particle is a conjunction or particle that functions at the discourse level, not at the grammatical level. Vocatives can appear either before or after the clause addressed to them, depending on the word order of the Hebrew. |
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Apposition is indicated by an equal sign equating the two noun phrases. This can occur with a noun in any function in a sentence. |
| Hebrew text colors | |
|---|---|
| Default preferred text | The default preferred reading is represented by a black line. The text of the MT is represented in bold black text. |
| Dispreferred reading | The dispreferred reading is an alternative interpretation of the grammar, represented by a pink line. The text of the MT is represented in bold pink text, while emendations and revocalizations retain their corresponding colors (see below). |
| Emended text | Emended text, text in which the consonants differ from the consonants of the Masoretic text, is represented by bold blue text, whether that reading is preferred or dispreferred. |
| Revocalized text | Revocalized text, text in which only the vowels differ from the vowels of the Masoretic text, is represented by bold purple text, whether that reading is preferred or dispreferred. |
| (Supplied elided element) | Any element that is elided in the Hebrew text is represented by bold gray text in parentheses. |
| ( ) | The position of a non-supplied elided element is represented by empty black parentheses. For example, this would be used in the place of the noun when an adjective functions substantivally or in the place of the antecedent when a relative clause has an implied antecedent. |
| Gloss text colors | |
|---|---|
| Gloss used in the CBC | The gloss used in the Close-but-Clear translation is represented by bold blue text. |
| Literal gloss >> derived meaning | A gloss that shows the more literal meaning as well as the derived figurative meaning is represented in blue text with arrows pointing towards the more figurative meaning. The gloss used in the CBC will be bolded. |
| Supplied elided element | The gloss for a supplied elided element is represented in bold gray text. |
About the Lexical Semantics Layer
One major branch of semantic study is lexical semantics, which refers to the study of word meanings. It examines semantic range (=possible meanings of a word), the relationship between words (e.g. synonymy, hyponymy), as well as the relationship between words and larger concepts (conceptual domains). One component of our approach involves not only the study of the Hebrew word meaning, but also of our own assumptions about word meaning in modern languages. Because the researcher necessarily starts with their own cultural assumptions (in our case, those of Western-trained scholars), this part of the analysis should be done afresh for every culture.
For a detailed description of our method, see the Lexical Semantics Creator Guidelines.
- See our growing collection of Venn Diagrams, not only for Psalm 18, but for all of the psalms.
- See SDBH on Psalm 18.
About the Phrase-Level Semantics Layer
The Phrase-level Semantics layer analyses the meaning of syntactic units which are larger than the level of the word and smaller than the level of the clause. Specifically, this layer analyses the meaning of prepositional phrases (e.g., לְאִישׁ), construct phrases (e.g., אִישׁ אֱלֹהִים), phrases formed by a coordinating waw conjunction (e.g., אִישׁ וְאִשָּׁה) and noun phrases which consist of a noun plus a determiner (e.g., הָאִישׁ) or a quantifier (e.g., כֹּל אִישׁ).
For a detailed description of our method, see the Phrase-level Semantics Creator Guidelines.
| Visualization | Description |
|---|---|
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The prepositional phrase is indicated by a solid green oval. |
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The construct chain is indicated by a solid yellow oval. |
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When the conjunction ו appears at the phrase-level (not clause-level), it is indicated by a solid light purple oval. |
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The article is indicated by a solid blue oval. |
About the Verbal Semantics Layer
This sub-layer focuses on the relationship between verbs, time and modality. These are important categories for interpretation and translation, and how one analyses a verb can have a significant effect on how it is rendered. This sub-layer has been through several iterations, as it strives to accomplish two things: (1) Transparency for the native Hebrew structures, and (2) Transparency for the interpretation necessary to translate the verbal semantics into other languages.
For a detailed description of our method, see the Verbal Semantics Creator Guidelines.
| Conjugations | |
|---|---|
| qatal | yiqtol-jussive |
| wayyiqtol (following qatal)* | cohortative |
| yiqtol | participle |
| wayyiqtol (following yiqtol)* | wayyiqtol (following participle)* |
| weyiqtol | inf. construct |
| weqatal | inf. absolute |
| *Wayyiqtol is colored a darker version of the conjugation it follows. | |
| Relative tense arrows | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Relative tense arrows (placed within the appropriate 'Fut/Pres/Past' column) are color coded according to the conjugation of the verb. The arrows in the table below are colored according to the typical uses of the conjugations. | ||||
| After/posterior/future | Imminent future | Simultaneous/right now | Recent past | Before/anterior/past |
| ← ← |
↤ | ↓↓↓ | ↦ | → → |
| Aspect | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Continuous | Habitual or iterative | Stative | Perfective | |
| Encoded in words | ⟲ | ⟲⟲⟲ | ⎯ | • |
| Inferable from context | ⟲ | ⟲⟲⟲ | ⎯ | • |
| Reference point movement | |
|---|---|
| Movement | No movement |
| ⇐ | ⇍ |
| Modality | |
|---|---|
| indicative | purpose/result |
| jussive | necessity |
| imperative | possible |
| cohortative | probable |
| wish | ability |
| (past) conditional | interrogative, etc. |
If an emendation or revocalization is preferred, that emendation or revocalization will be marked in the Hebrew text of all the visuals.
| Emendations/Revocalizations legend | |
|---|---|
| *Emended text* | Emended text, text in which the consonants differ from the consonants of the Masoretic text, is indicated by blue asterisks on either side of the emendation. |
| *Revocalized text* | Revocalized text, text in which only the vowels differ from the vowels of the Masoretic text, is indicated by purple asterisks on either side of the revocalization. |
Psalm 18 Verbal Semantics
For an overview of the Verbal Semantics of Psalm 18, click the expandable button below.
(Click diagram to enlarge)
Psalm 18 Semantic Analysis & Diagrams
The following grammatical diagrams are zoomable, and the lexical and phrasal overlays can be toggled on/off. Notes on the semantic layers can be found beneath each verse's diagram.
v. 1
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| לַמְנַצֵּ֤חַ ׀ לְעֶ֥בֶד יְהוָ֗ה לְדָ֫וִ֥ד | 1a | For the director By YHWH's servant, David, |
| אֲשֶׁ֤ר דִּבֶּ֨ר ׀ לַיהוָ֗ה | 1b | who recited the words of this song to YHWH |
| אֶת־דִּ֭בְרֵי הַשִּׁירָ֣ה הַזֹּ֑את | 1c | the words of this song |
| בְּי֤וֹם הִֽצִּיל־יְהוָ֘ה אוֹת֥וֹ מִכַּ֥ף כָּל־אֹ֝יְבָ֗יו וּמִיַּ֥ד שָׁאֽוּל׃ | 1d | when YHWH had rescued him from the palm of all his enemies and from the hand of Saul. |
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [1]
Fragment
Nominal
noun: ( )
Adjectival
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: ל for
Object
article: ה the <status="elided">
noun: מְנַצֵּחַ director
Fragment
Nominal
noun: ( )
Adjectival <gloss="by the servant of YHWH">
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לְ for >> by
Object
ConstructChain
noun: עֶבֶד servant
noun: יְהוָה YHWH
Adjectival
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לְ for >> by
Object
noun: דָוִד David
RelativeClause
RelativeParticle
particle: אֲשֶׁר who
Clause
Subject <located="relative clause head">
Predicate
verb: דִבֶּר spoke >> recited
Object
particle: אֶת d.o.m.
Nominal
ConstructChain <gloss="the words of this song">
noun: דִּבְרֵי words
Nominal
article: הַ the
noun: שִׁירָה song
Adjectival
article: הַ the
adjective: זֹּאת this
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="to YHWH">
Preposition
preposition: לַ to
Object
noun: יהוָה YHWH
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="when YHWH had rescued him">
Preposition
preposition: בְּ in
Object
noun: יוֹם day >> time
RelativeClause
RelativeParticle
particle: אֲשֶׁר which <status="elided">
Clause
Subject
noun: יְהוָה YHWH
Predicate
verb: הִצִּיל had rescued
Object
noun: אוֹתוֹ him
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בּ in <status="elided">
Object <located="relative clause head">
Relative
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="out of the palm of all his enemies">
Preposition
preposition: מִ from
Object
ConstructChain
Nominal
noun: כַּף palm* >> strength
Nominal
ConstructChain
Nominal
quantifier: כָּל all
noun: אֹיְבָי enemies
suffix-pronoun: ו him
Conjunction
conjunction: וּ and
PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="from the hand of Saul">
Preposition
preposition: מִ from
Object
Nominal
ConstructChain
noun: יַּד hand* >> power
noun: שָׁאוּל Saul
ConstructChain <status="alternative">
noun: כַּף hand* >> power <status="emendation">
noun: שָׁאוּל Saul
v. 2
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| וַיֹּאמַ֡ר | 2a | And he said, |
| אֶרְחָמְךָ֖ יְהוָ֣ה חִזְקִֽי׃ | 2b | I shall keep loving you, YHWH, my strength. |
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [2]
Fragment
conjunction: וַ and
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: יֹּאמַר he said
Object
noun: rest of psalm
Fragment
Vocative
Apposition
noun: יְהוָה YHWH
Nominal
ConstructChain <gloss="my strength">
noun: חִזְק strength
suffix-pronoun: ִי me
Clause
Predicate
verb: אֶרְחָמְ I shall keep loving you
Object
suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
v. 3
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| יְהוָ֤ה ׀ סַֽלְעִ֥י וּמְצוּדָתִ֗י וּמְפַ֫לְטִ֥י | 3a | YHWH is my cleft and my fortress and my rescuer. |
| אֵלִ֣י צ֭וּרִי אֶֽחֱסֶה־בּ֑וֹ | 3b | My God is my rock, in him do I seek protection, |
| מָֽגִנִּ֥י וְקֶֽרֶן־יִ֝שְׁעִ֗י | 3c | my shield and horn of my deliverance, |
| מִשְׂגַּבִּֽי וּמְנוּסִי׃ | 3d | my fortified tower and my refuge, |
| מֹשִׁעִי׃ מֵחָמָס תֹּשִׁעֵנִי׃ | 3e | my deliverer, who delivers me from violence. |
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [3]
Fragment
Clause
Subject
noun: יְהוָה YHWH
Predicate
verb: is
Complement
ConstructChain <gloss="my cleft">
noun: סַלְעִ cleft* >> place of security
suffix-pronoun: י me
Conjunction
conjunction: וּ and
ConstructChain <gloss="my fortress">
noun: מְצוּדָתִ fortress
suffix-pronoun: י me
Conjunction
conjunction: וּ and
ConstructChain <gloss="my rescuer">
Nominal
verb-participle: מְפַלְט rescuer
Adverbial <status="alternative">
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: ל for <status="emendation">
Object
suffix-pronoun: ִי me <status="emendation">
Nominal
suffix-pronoun: ִי me
Fragment
Clause
Subject
ConstructChain <gloss="my God">
noun: אֵל God
suffix-pronoun: ִי me
Predicate
verb: is
Complement
ConstructChain <gloss="my rock">
noun: צוּרִ rock* >> refuge
suffix-pronoun: י me
Conjunction
conjunction:
ConstructChain <gloss="my shield">
noun: מָגִנִּ shield* >> protection
suffix-pronoun: י me
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
ConstructChain <gloss="the horn of my deliverance">
noun: קֶרֶן horn
noun: יִשְׁעִ deliverance
suffix-pronoun: י me
Conjunction
conjunction:
ConstructChain <gloss="my fortified tower">
noun: מִשְׂגַּבִּ fortified tower
suffix-pronoun: י me
Conjunction
conjunction: וּ <status="emendation"> and
ConstructChain <gloss="my refuge">
noun: מְנוּסִ refuge <status="emendation">
suffix-pronoun: י me <status="emendation">
Conjunction
conjunction:
ConstructChain <gloss="the one who delivers me from violence">
Nominal
verb-participle: מֹשִׁעִ deliverer <status="emendation">
RelativeClause
RelativeParticle
particle:
Clause
Subject <located="relative clause head">
Predicate
verb: תֹּשִׁעֵ deliver <status="emendation">
Object
suffix-pronoun: נִי me <status="emendation">
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: מֵ from <status="emendation">
Object
noun: חָמָס violence <status="emendation">
Nominal
suffix-pronoun: י me <status="emendation">
Fragment
Clause
Subject
noun: ()
Predicate
verb: אֶחֱסֶה seek shelter >> I seek protection
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="in him">
Preposition
preposition: בּ in
Object
suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
v. 4
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| מְ֭הֻלָּל אֶקְרָ֣א יְהוָ֑ה | 4a | I cry out to YHWH, since he is praiseworthy, |
| וּמִן־אֹ֝יְבַ֗י אִוָּשֵֽׁעַ׃ | 4b | and I am delivered from my enemies. |
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [4]
Fragment
Clause
Subject
Predicate
verb: אֶקְרָא I cry out
Object
noun: יְהוָה YHWH
RelativeClause <status="alternative">
RelativeParticle
particle: who <status="elided">
Clause
Subject
noun: הוּא he <located="relative clause head" status="elided">
Predicate
Complement
verb-participle: מְהֻלָּל praised >> to be praised >> worthy to be praised >> worthy of praise
SecondObject <status="alternative">
Nominal
verb-participle: מְהֻלָּל praised >> to be praised >> worthy to be praised >> praiseworthy
Adverbial
Clause
Subject
pronoun: הוּא he <status="elided">
Predicate
verb: is
Complement
verb-participle: מְהֻלָּל praised >> to be praised >> worthy to be praised >> praiseworthy
Adverbial <status="alternative">
Clause
Subject
pronoun: אֲנִי I <status="elided">
Predicate
verb: am
Complement
verb-participle: מְהַלֵּל praised >> to be praised >> worthy to be praised >> praiseworthy
Conjunction
conjunction: וּ and
Clause
Subject
Predicate
verb: אִוָּשֵׁעַ I am delivered
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="from my enemies">
Preposition
preposition: מִן from
preposition: מֵ from <status="alternative emendation">
Object
ConstructChain
noun: אֹיְבַ enemies
suffix-pronoun: י me
v. 5
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| אֲפָפ֥וּנִי מִשְׁבְּרֵי־מָ֑וֶת | 5a | The breaker waves of Death surrounded me. |
| וְֽנַחֲלֵ֖י בְלִיַּ֣עַל יְבַֽעֲתֽוּנִי׃ | 5b | And the torrents of No Return began to overwhelm me. |
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [5]
Fragment
conjunction: כִּי for <status="alternative emendation">
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Subject
Nominal
ConstructChain <gloss="breaker waves of Death">
noun: מִשְׁבְּרֵי breaker waves <status="emendation">
noun: מָוֶת death* >> world of the dead
Subject <status="alternative">
Nominal
noun: חֶבְלֵי ropes* >> control
Predicate
verb: אֲפָפוּ surrounded
Object
suffix-pronoun: נִי me
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Clause
Subject
ConstructChain <gloss="torrents of Beliya'al">
noun: נַחֲלֵי torrents
noun: בְלִיַּעַל Beliya'al* >> the place from which nothing comes up
Predicate
verb: יְבַעֲתוּ were overwhelming
Object
suffix-pronoun: נִי me
v. 6
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| חֶבְלֵ֣י שְׁא֣וֹל סְבָב֑וּנִי | 6a | The cords of the World of the Dead entangled me. |
| קִ֝דְּמ֗וּנִי מ֣וֹקְשֵׁי מָֽוֶת׃ | 6b | Death's traps rushed upon me. |
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [6]
Fragment
Clause
Subject
ConstructChain <gloss="The cords of Sheol">
noun: חֶבְלֵי cords
noun: שְׁאוֹל Sheol
Predicate
verb: סְבָבוּ surrounded >> entangled
verb: סַבֻּנִי <status="alternative">
Object
suffix-pronoun: נִי me
Fragment
Clause
Subject
ConstructChain <gloss="Death's traps">
noun: מוֹקְשֵׁי traps
noun: מָוֶת death
Predicate
verb: קִדּמוּ confronted >> rushed upon
Object
suffix-pronoun: נִי me
v. 7
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| בַּצַּר־לִ֤י ׀ אֶֽקְרָ֣א יְהוָה֮ | 7a | In my distress I cry out to YHWH. |
| וְאֶל־אֱלֹהַ֪י אֲשַׁ֫וֵּ֥עַ | 7b | And to my God do I cry for help. |
| יִשְׁמַ֣ע מֵהֵיכָל֣וֹ קוֹלִ֑י | 7c | He hears my cry from his temple. |
| וְ֝שַׁוְעָתִ֗י לְפָנָ֤יו ׀ תָּב֬וֹא בְאָזְנָֽיו׃ | 7d | And my cry for help before him comes into his ears. |
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [7]
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb: אֱקְרָא I cried out
Object
noun: יְהוָה YHWH
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="in my distress">
Preposition
preposition: בַּ in
Object
Nominal
article: הַ <status="elided">
noun: (situation )
adjective: צַּר distressing
RelativeClause
RelativeParticle
particle: that <status="elided">
Clause
Subject <located="relative clause head">
Predicate
verb: is
Complement
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לִ to
Object
suffix-pronoun: י me
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: אֲשַׁוֵּע I cried for help
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="to my God">
Preposition
preposition: אֶל to
Object
ConstructChain
noun: אֱלֹהַ God
suffix-pronoun: י me
Fragment
conjunction: וַ and <status="alternative emendation">
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb: יִשְׁמַע he heard
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="my cry">
noun: קוֹל voice >> cry
suffix-pronoun: י me
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="from his temple">
Preposition
preposition: מֵ from
Object
ConstructChain
noun: הֵיכָל temple
suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Clause
Subject
ConstructChain <gloss="my cry for help">
noun: שַׁוְעָתִ cry for help
suffix-pronoun: י me
Predicate
Complement
Nominal
Adjectival
PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="before him">
Preposition
preposition: לְ to
Object
ConstructChain
noun: פָנָי face >> front
suffix-pronoun: ו him
Adjectival
PrepositionalPhrase <status="alternative">
Preposition
preposition: בְ in
Object
ConstructChain
noun: אָזְנָי ears
suffix-pronoun: ו him
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: תָּבוֹא came
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="into his ears">
Preposition
preposition: בְ into
Object
ConstructChain
noun: אָזְנָי ears
suffix-pronoun: ו him
v. 8
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| וַתִּגְעַ֬שׁ וַתִּרְעַ֨שׁ ׀ הָאָ֗רֶץ | 8a | And the earth quivered and quaked. |
| וּמוֹסְדֵ֣י הָרִ֣ים יִרְגָּ֑זוּ | 8b | And the mountains' foundations began to shake. |
| וַ֝יִּתְגָּֽעֲשׁ֗וּ כִּי־חָ֥רָה לֽוֹ׃ | 8c | And they trembled. For he had become angry. |
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [8]
Fragment
conjunction: וַ and
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Subject
article: הָ the
noun: אָרֶץ earth
Predicate
Predicate
verb: תִּגְעַשׁ quivered
Conjunction
conjunction: וַ and
Predicate
verb: תִּרְעַשׁ quaked
Conjunction
conjunction: וּ and
Clause
Subject
ConstructChain <gloss="the mountains' foundations">
noun:מוֹסְדֵי foundations
noun: הָרִים mountains
Subject <status="alternative">
ConstructChain
noun: מוֹסְדוֹת foundations <status="emendation">
Nominal
article: הַ the <status="emendation">
noun: שָּׁמַיִם heavens <status="emendation">
Predicate
verb: יִרְגָּזוּ shook
Conjunction
conjunction: וַ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: יִתְגָּעֲשׁוּ trembled
Conjunction
conjunction: כִּי for
Clause
Predicate <gloss="there became anger to him >> he became angry">
verb: חָרָה there became anger
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="to him">
Preposition
preposition: ל to
Object
suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
v. 9
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| עָ֘לָ֤ה עָשָׁ֨ן ׀ בְּאַפּ֗וֹ | 9a | Smoke went up because of his snarl. |
| וְאֵשׁ־מִפִּ֥יו תֹּאכֵ֑ל | 9b | And a fire from his mouth began to consume. |
| גֶּ֝חָלִ֗ים בָּעֲר֥וּ מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃ | 9c | Coals burned from him. |
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [9]
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Subject
noun: עָשָׁן smoke
Predicate
verb: עָלָה went up
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="because of his snarl">
Preposition
preposition: בְּ in >> because of
Object
ConstructChain
noun: אַפּ nose* >> snarl
suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Clause
Subject
noun: אֵשׁ fire
RelativeClause
RelativeParticle
particle: that <status="elided">
Clause
Subject <located="relative clause head">
Predicate
verb: תֹּאכֵל eats >> consumes
Predicate
verb: was
Complement
PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="from his mouth">
Preposition
preposition: מִ from
Object
ConstructChain
noun: פִּי mouth
suffix-pronoun: ו him
Fragment
Clause
Subject
noun: גֶּחָלִים coal
Predicate
verb: בָּעֲרוּ burned
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="from him">
Preposition
preposition: מִמֶּ from
Object
suffix-pronoun: נוּ him
v. 10
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| וַיֵּ֣ט שָׁ֭מַיִם וַיֵּרַ֑ד | 10a | And he bent down the heavens and descended. |
| וַ֝עֲרָפֶ֗ל תַּ֣חַת רַגְלָֽיו׃ | 10b | And a dark smog was beneath his feet. |
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [10]
Fragment
conjunction: וַ and
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb: יֵט he bent down
Object
noun: שָׁמַיִם heavens
Conjunction
conjunction: וַ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: יֵרַד he descended
Conjunction
conjunction: וַ and
Clause
Subject
noun: עֲרָפֶל darkness >> dark smog
Predicate
verb: was
Complement
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: תַּחַת beneath
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="his feet">
noun: רַגְלָי feet
suffix-pronoun: ו him
v. 11
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| וַיִּרְכַּ֣ב עַל־כְּ֭רוּב וַיָּעֹ֑ף | 11a | And he mounted a Cherub and began to fly. |
| וַ֝יֵּ֗דֶא עַל־כַּנְפֵי־רֽוּחַ׃ | 11b | And he flew swiftly upon the wings of the wind. |
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [11]
Fragment
conjunction: וַ and
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb: יִרְכַּב he mounted
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="upon a Cherub>>a Cherub">
Preposition
preposition: עַל upon
Object
noun: כְּרוּב Cherub
Conjunction
conjunction: וַ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: יָעֹף (began) to fly
Conjunction
conjunction: וַ and
Clause
Predicate
Predicate <status="alternative">
verb: יֵרָא he appeared <status="emendation">
Predicate
verb: יֵדֶא he flew swiftly
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="upon the wings of the wind">
Preposition
preposition: עַל upon
Object
ConstructChain
noun: כַּנְפֵי wings
noun: רוּחַ wind
v. 12
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| יָ֤שֶׁת חֹ֨שֶׁךְ ׀ סִתְר֗וֹ | 12a | He made darkness his cover. |
| סְבִֽיבוֹתָ֥יו סֻכָּת֑וֹ | 12b | his canopy around him, |
| חֶשְׁרַת־מַ֝֗יִם עָבֵ֥י שְׁחָקִֽים׃ | 12c | the sieve of water, thick clouds of the skies. |
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [12]
Fragment
conjunction: וַ <status="alternative emendation">
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: יָשֶׁת making
Object
noun: חֹשֶׁךְ darkness
SecondObject
ConstructChain <gloss="his cover">
noun: סִתְר cover
suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
Adverbial <status="alternative">
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: סְבִיבותָי around
Object
suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: יָשֶׁת making <status="elided">
Object
noun: חֹשֶׁךְ darkness <status="elided">
SecondObject
Apposition
Nominal
ConstructChain <gloss="his canopy">
noun: סֻכָּת canopy
suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
Nominal
ConstructChain <gloss="the sieve of water">
noun: חֶשְׁרַת sieve <status="emendation">
noun: מַיִם water
Nominal
ConstructChain <status="alternative">
noun: חֶשְׁכַת darkness
noun: מַיִם water
Nominal
ConstructChain <gloss="the thick clouds of the skies">
noun: עָבֵי thick clouds
noun: שְׁחָקִים skies
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: סְבִיבותָי around
Object
suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
v. 13
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| מִנֹּ֗גַהּ נֶ֫גְדּ֥וֹ עָבְר֑וּ | 13a | Because of the brightness before him, hail and coals of fire passed. |
| בָּ֝רָ֗ד וְגַֽחֲלֵי־אֵֽשׁ׃ | 13b | hail and coals of fire |
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [13]
Fragment
Subject
noun: בָּרָד hail
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
ConstructChain <gloss="coals of fire">
noun: גַחֲלֵי coals
noun: אֵשׁ fire
Predicate
verb: עָבְרוּ passed <status="emendation">
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="because of the brightness before him">
Preposition
preposition: מִ from >> because of
Object
noun: נֹּגַהּ brightness
RelativeClause
RelativeParticle
particle: which <status="elided">
Clause
Subject <located="relative clause head">
Predicate
verb: is
Complement
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: נֶגְדּ before
Object
suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
vv. 12b-13 Alternative 1
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 12b-13 alt1]
Fragment <status="alternative">
Clause
Subject
ConstructChain
noun: עָבָי thick clouds
suffix-pronoun: ו him
Predicate
verb: עָבְרוּ passed
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: מִ from >> because of
Object
noun: נֹּגַהּ brightness
RelativeClause
RelativeParticle
particle: which <status="elided">
Clause
Subject <located="relative clause head">
Predicate
verb: is
Complement
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: נֶגְדּ before
Object
suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
Fragment <status="alternative">
Clause
Predicate
Adverbial
particle: הִנֵּה <status="elided">
Object
noun: בָּרָד hail
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Nominal
ConstructChain <gloss="burning coals">
noun: גַחֲלֵי coals
noun: אֵשׁ fire
vv. 12b-13 Alternative 2
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 13 alt2]
Fragment <status="alternative">
Clause
Subject
ConstructChain <gloss="burning coals">
noun: גַחֲלֵי coals
noun: אֵשׁ fire
Predicate
verb: בָעֲרוּ burned <status="emendation">
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: מִ from >> because of
Object
noun: נֹּגַהּ brightness
RelativeClause
RelativeParticle
particle: which <status="elided">
Clause
Subject <located="relative clause head">
Predicate
verb: is
Complement
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: נֶגְדּ before
Object
suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
v. 14
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| וַיַּרְעֵ֬ם בַּשָּׁמַ֨יִם ׀ יְֽהוָ֗ה | 14a | And YHWH thundered in the heavens. |
| וְ֭עֶלְיוֹן יִתֵּ֣ן קֹל֑וֹ ־׃ | 14b | And the Most High began to raise his voice. |
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [14]
Fragment
conjunction: וַ and <status="alternative">
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Subject
noun: יְהוָה YHWH
Predicate
verb: יַרְעֵם thundered
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בַּ in
Object
article: הַ the <status="elided">
noun: שָׁמַיִם heavens
Adverbial <status="alternative">
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: מִן from <status="emendation">
Object
noun: שָׁמַיִם heavens <status="emendation">
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Clause
Subject
noun: עֶלְיוֹן the Most High
Predicate
verb: יִתֵּן give >> was raising
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="his voice">
noun: קֹל voice
suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
v. 14 Alternative
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 14 alt]
Fragment <status="alternative">
Clause
Predicate
Adverbial
particle: הִנֵּה behold <status="elided">
Object
noun: בָּרָד hail
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Nominal
ConstructChain <gloss="burning coals">
noun: גַחֲלֵי coals
noun: אֵשׁ fire
v. 15
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח חִ֭צָּיו וַיְפִיצֵ֑ם | 15a | And he shot his arrows, and dispersed them. |
| וּבְרָקִ֥ים וַיְהֻמֵּֽם׃ | 15b | And [he shot his] glittering arrows, and routed them. |
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [15]
Fragment
conjunction: וַ and
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb: יִשְׁלַח sent >> shot
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="his arrows">
noun: חִצָּי arrows
suffix-pronoun: ו him
Object <status="alternative">
noun: חִצִּים arrows <status="emendation">
Conjunction
conjunction: וַ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: יְפִיצֵ dispersed
Object
suffix-pronoun: ם them
Conjunction
conjunction: וּ
Clause
Predicate
verb: יִשְלַח sent >> shot <status="elided">
Object
noun: בְרָקִים lightning bolts >> flashes (of arrows) >> glimmering arrows <status="emendation">
Object <status="alternative">
noun: בָּרָק lightning bolt >> flash (of arrows) <status="emendation">
Conjunction <status="alternative">
conjunction: וּ
Clause <status="alternative">
Subject
noun: בְרָקִים lightning bolts
Complement
adjective: רָב many
Conjunction <status="alternative">
conjunction: וּ
Clause <status="alternative">
Predicate
verb: רַב he shot <status="revocalization">
Object
noun: בְרָקִים lightning bolts
Conjunction
conjunction: וַ
Clause
Predicate
verb: יְהֻמּ routed
Object
suffix-pronoun: ֵם them
v. 16
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| וַיֵּ֤רָא֨וּ ׀ אֲפִ֥יקֵי מַ֗יִם | 16a | And the ocean floor appeared. |
| וַֽיִּגָּלוּ֮ מוֹסְד֪וֹת תֵּ֫בֵ֥ל | 16b | And the foundations of the world were revealed |
| מִגַּעֲרָ֣תְךָ֣ יְהוָ֑ה | 16c | because of your rebuke, YHWH, |
| מִ֝נִּשְׁמַ֗ת ר֣וּחַ אַפֶּֽךָ׃ | 16d | because of the blast of the wind of your anger. |
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [16]
Fragment
conjunction: וַ and
Fragment
Vocative
noun: יְהוָה YHWH
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Subject
ConstructChain <gloss="the waterbeds >> the ocean floor">
Nominal
noun: אֲפִיקֵי beds
Nominal
noun: מַיִם waters
noun: יָם sea <status="alternative emendation">
Predicate
verb: יֵרָאוּ appeared
Conjunction
conjunction: וַ and
Clause
Subject
ConstructChain <gloss="the foundations of the world">
noun: מוֹסְדוֹת foundations
noun: תֵּבֵל world
Predicate
verb: יִגָּלוּ were revealed
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="because of your rebuke">
Preposition
preposition: מִ from >> because of
Object
ConstructChain
noun: גַּעֲרָתְ rebuke
suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="because of the blast from the wind of your anger">
Preposition
preposition: מִ from >> because of
Object
ConstructChain
noun: נִּשְׁמַת breath >> blast
noun: רוּח wind
noun: אַפֶּ nose >> anger
Nominal
suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
suffix-pronoun: וֹ him <status="alternative emendation">
Adverbial <status="alternative">
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ in >> because of <status="emendation">
Object
ConstructChain
noun: גַעֲרַת rebuke
noun: יְהוָה YHWH
v. 17
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| יִשְׁלַ֣ח מִ֭מָּרוֹם יִקָּחֵ֑נִי | 17a | He stretched forth his hand from on high and took me. |
| יַֽ֝מְשֵׁ֗נִי מִמַּ֥יִם רַבִּֽים׃ | 17b | He pulled me out from many waters. |
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [17]
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: יִשְׁלַח sent >> stretched forth (his hand)
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: מִ from
Object
noun: מָּרוֹם on high
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: יִקָּחֵ took
Object
suffix-pronoun: נִי me
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: יַמְשֵׁ pulled out
Object
suffix-pronoun: נִי me
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: מִ from
Object
noun: מַּיִם waters
adjective: רַבִּים many
v. 18
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| יַצִּילֵ֗נִי מֵאֹיְבִ֥י עָ֑ז | 18a | He rescued me from my strong enemy. |
| וּ֝מִשֹּׂנְאַ֗י כִּֽי־אָמְצ֥וּ מִמֶּֽנִּי׃ | 18b | And [he rescued me] from those who hate me. For they were too powerful for me. |
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [18]
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb: יַצִּילֵ he rescued
Object
suffix-pronoun: נִי me
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="from my strong enemy">
Preposition
preposition: מֵ from
Object
adjective: עָז strong
Nominal
ConstructChain
noun: אֹיְבִ enemy
suffix-pronoun: י me
Conjunction
conjunction: וּ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: יַצִּילֵ he rescured <status="elided">
Object
suffix-pronoun: נִי me <status="elided">
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: מִ from
Object
Nominal
ConstructChain <gloss="those who hate me">
verb-participle: שֹּׂנְאַ those who hate
suffix-pronoun: י me
SubordinateClause
Conjunction
conjunction: כִּי for
Clause
Predicate
verb: אָמְצוּ they were (too) powerful
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="(more powerful) than I (can overcome)>>too powerful for me ">
Preposition
preposition: מִמֶּ from >> for
Object
suffix-pronoun: נִּי me
v. 19
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| יְקַדְּמ֥וּנִי בְיוֹם־אֵידִ֑י | 19a | They rushed upon me at the time of my calamity. |
| וַֽיְהִי־יְהוָ֖ה מִשְׁעָ֣ן לִֽי׃ | 19b | And YHWH was the one in whom I trusted. |
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [19]
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb: יְקַדּמוּ confronted >> rushed upon
Object
suffix-pronoun: נִי me
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְ in
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="at the time of my calamity">
noun: יוֹם day >> time
noun: אֵיד calamity
suffix-pronoun: ִי me
Conjunction
conjunction: וַ and
Clause
Subject
noun: יְהוָה YHWH
Predicate
verb: יְהִי was
Complement
noun: מִשְׁעָן support >> object of trust <status="emendation">
Adjectival
PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="for me >>my">
Preposition
preposition: ל for
Object
suffix-pronoun: ִי me
Conjunction <status="alternative">
conjunction: וַ and
Clause <status="alternative">
Subject
noun: יְהוָה YHWH
Predicate
verb: יְהִי became
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לְ for
Object
noun: מִשְׁעָן support >> object of trust
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: ל for
Object
suffix-pronoun: ִי me
v. 20
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| וַיּוֹצִיאֵ֥נִי לַמֶּרְחָ֑ב | 20a | And he brought me out into relief. |
| יְ֝חַלְּצֵ֗נִי כִּ֘י חָ֥פֵֽץ בִּֽי׃ | 20b | He delivered me. For he is pleased with me. |
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [20]
Fragment
conjunction: וַ and
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb: יֹצִיאֵ bringing me out
Object
suffix-pronoun: נִי me
Object <status="alternative">
particle: אֹת (d.o.m)
suffix-pronoun: ִי me
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לַ to
Object
article: הַ the <status="elided">
noun: מֶּרְחָב broadness >> restful place >> relief
Clause
Predicate
verb: יְחַלְּצֵ he delivered
Object
suffix-pronoun: נִי me
SubordinateClause
Conjunction
conjunction: כִּי for
Clause
Subject
pronoun: הוּא he <status="elided">
Predicate
verb: חָפֵץ is pleased
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בּ with
Object
suffix-pronoun: ִי me
v. 21
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| יִגְמְלֵ֣נִי יְהוָ֣ה כְּצִדְקִ֑י | 21a | YHWH deals well with me according to my righteousness. |
| כְּבֹ֥ר יָ֝דַ֗י יָשִׁ֥יב לִֽי׃ | 21b | He repays me according to the cleanliness of my hands. |
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [21]
Fragment
Clause
Subject
noun: יְהוָה YHWH
Predicate
verb: יִגְמְלֵ deal appropriately with >> deals well with
Object
suffix-pronoun: נִי me
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="according to my righteousness">
Preposition
preposition: כְּ according to
Object
ConstructChain
noun: צִדְק righteousness
noun: צִדְקַת righteousness >> righteous actions <status="alternative emendation">
suffix-pronoun: ִי me
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: יָשִׁיב returns >> he repays
Object
noun: <status="elided">
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="according to the cleanliness of my hands">
Preposition
preposition: כְּ according to
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="the cleanliness of my hands >> my innocence ">
noun: בֹר cleanness
noun: יָדַ hands
suffix-pronoun: י me
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="me">
Preposition
preposition: ל to
Object
suffix-pronoun: ִי me
v. 22
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| כִּֽי־שָׁ֭מַרְתִּי דַּרְכֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה | 22a | For I have kept the ways of YHWH. |
| וְלֹֽא־רָ֝שַׁ֗עְתִּי מֵאֱלֹהָֽי׃ | 22b | And I have not turned from my God towards wicked ways. |
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [22]
Fragment
Conjunction
conjunction: כִּי for
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb: שָׁמַרְתִּי I have kept
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="the ways of YHWH">
noun: דַּרְכֵי ways
noun: יְהוָה YHWH
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: רָשַׁעְתִּי acted wickedly
Adverbial
particle: לְֹא not
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="my God">
Preposition
preposition: מֵ from
Object
ConstructChain
noun: אֱלֹהָ God
suffix-pronoun: י me
v. 23
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| כִּ֣י כָל־מִשְׁפָּטָ֣יו לְנֶגְדִּ֑י | 23a | For all of his rules are before me. |
| וְ֝חֻקֹּתָ֗יו לֹא־אָסִ֥יר מֶֽנִּי׃ | 23b | And I will not turn his decrees away from me. |
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [23]
Fragment
conjunction: כִּי for
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Subject
Nominal
quantifier: כָל all
ConstructChain <gloss="his rules">
noun: מִשְׁפָּטָי rules
suffix-pronoun: ו him
Predicate
verb: are
Complement
PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="before me">
Preposition
preposition: לְנֶגְדּ in front of
Object
suffix-pronoun: ִי me
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: אָסִיר I turn away
Adverbial
particle: לֹא not
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="his decrees">
noun: חֻקֹּתָי decrees
suffix-pronoun: ו him
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: מֶנּ from
Object
suffix-pronoun: ִי me
v. 23b Alternative
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 23b alt]
Fragment <status="alternative">
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Fragment <status="alternative">
Clause
Predicate
verb: אָסוּר turn<status="emendation">
Adverbial
particle: לֹא not
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: מִמֶּ from
Object
CasusPendens
suffix-pronoun: נָּה it <status="emendation">
ConstructChain
noun: חֻקֹּתָי decrees
suffix-pronoun: ו him
v. 24
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| וָאֱהִ֣י תָמִ֣ים עִמּ֑וֹ | 24a | And I have become blameless before him. |
| וָ֝אֶשְׁתַּמֵּ֗ר מֵעֲוֺנִֽי׃ | 24b | And I have kept myself from committing iniquity. |
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [24]
Fragment
Conjunction
conjunction: וָ and
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb: אֱהִי I have become
verb: אֶהְיֶה I will be <status="alternative emendation">
Complement
adjective: תָמִים blameless
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: עִמּ with >> before
Object
suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
Adverbial <status="alternative">
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: ל to <status="emendation">
Object
suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
Conjunction
conjunction: וָ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: אֶשְׁתַּמֵּר I have kept myself
verb: אֶשׁתַּמְרָה I shall keep myself <status="alternative emendation">
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="from (committing) my iniquity">
Preposition
preposition: מֵ from
Object
ConstructChain
noun: עֲוֹנִ iniquity
suffix-pronoun: י me
v. 25
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| וַיָּֽשֶׁב־יְהוָ֣ה לִ֣י כְצִדְקִ֑י | 25a | And YHWH has repaid me according to my righteousness, |
| כְּבֹ֥ר יָ֝דַ֗י לְנֶ֣גֶד עֵינָֽיו׃ | 25b | according to the cleanliness of my hands before his eyes. |
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [25]
Fragment
Conjunction
conjunction: וָ and
Fragment
Clause
Subject
noun: יְהוָה YHWH
Predicate
verb: יָשֶׁב returns >> has repaid
Object
noun: ()
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="me">
Preposition
preposition: ל to
Object
suffix-pronoun: ִי me
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="according to my righteousness">
Preposition
preposition: כְ according to
Object
ConstructChain
Nominal
noun: צִדְקִ righteousness
noun: צִדְקַת <status="alternative emendation">
Nominal
suffix-pronoun: ִי me
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: כְ according to
Object
Nominal
ConstructChain <gloss="cleanliness of my hands >> my innocence">
noun: בֹר cleanliness
noun: יָדַ hands
suffix-pronoun: י me
Adjectival
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לְנֶגֶד before
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="his eyes">
noun: עֵינָי eyes
suffix-pronoun: ו him
Object <status="alternative">
Nominal
ConstructChain
noun: בֹר cleanliness
suffix-pronoun: ִי me <status="emendation">
v. 26
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| עִם־חָסִ֥יד תִּתְחַסָּ֑ד | 26a | You act faithfully with a faithful |
| עִם־גְּבַ֥ר תָּ֝מִ֗ים תִּתַּמָּֽם׃ | 26b | You act blamelessly with a blameless person. |
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [26]
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: תִּתְחַסָּד you act faithfully
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: עִם to
Object
noun: חָסִיד faithful (person)
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: תִּתַּמָּם you act blamelessly
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: עִם to
Object
noun: גְּבַר person
adjective: תָּמִים blameless
Object <status="alternative">
noun: גִּבוֹר hero <status="emendation">
v. 27
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| עִם־נָבָ֥ר תִּתְבָּרָ֑ר | 27a | You act with purity with one who purifies himself. |
| וְעִם־עִ֝קֵּ֗שׁ תִּתְפַּתָּֽל׃ | 27b | And with a twisted person you act wittily. |
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [27]
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb: תִּתְבָּרָר you act with purity
verb: תִּתָּבָר <status="alternative emendation">
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: עִם to
Object
Nominal
verb-participle: נָבָר one who purifies himself
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: תִּתְפַּתָּל you act wittily
verb: תִּתַּפָּל act wittily <status="alternative emendation">
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: עִם to
Object
Nominal
noun: () one
adjective: עִקֵּשׁ twisted
v. 28
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| כִּֽי־אַ֭תָּה עַם־עָנִ֣י תוֹשִׁ֑יעַ | 28a | For you save a humble people. And you bring down eyes that look down on others. |
| וְעֵינַ֖יִם רָמ֣וֹת תַּשְׁפִּֽיל׃ | 28b | And you bring down eyes that look down on others. |
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [28]
Fragment
Conjunction
conjunction: כִּי for
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Subject
noun: אַתָּה you
Predicate
verb: תוֹשִׁיעַ save
Object
noun: עַם people
adjective: עָנִי afflicted >> humble
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: תַּשְׁפִּיל you bring down
Object
Nominal <gloss="raised eyes >> eyes that look down on others">
noun: עֵינַיִם eyes
Adjectival
verb-participle: רָמוֹת raised
v. 28 Alternative
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 28 alt]
Fragment <status="alternative">
Clause
Predicate
verb: תַּשְׁפִּיל bring down
Object
ConstructChain
noun: עֵינֶי eyes
suffix-pronoun: ךָ you <status="emendation">
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: עַל upon <status="emendation">
Object
verb-participle: רָמִים exalted >> proud <status="emendation">
v. 29
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| כִּֽי־אַ֭תָּה תָּאִ֣יר נֵרִ֑י יְהוָ֥ה | 29a | For you light my lamp, YHWH. |
| אֱ֝לֹהַ֗י יַגִּ֥יהַּ חָשְׁכִּֽי׃ | 29b | My God gives light to my darkness. |
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [29]
Fragment
Conjunction
conjunction: כִּי for
Fragment <status="alternative">
Vocative
noun: יְהוָה YHWH
Fragment
Clause
Subject
noun: אַתָּה you
Predicate
verb: תָּאִיר light
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="my lamp">
noun: נֵר lamp
suffix-pronoun: ִי me
Fragment
Clause
Subject
Apposition
noun: יְהוָה YHWH
ConstructChain <gloss="my God">
noun: אֱלֹהַ God
suffix-pronoun: י me
Predicate
verb: יַגִּיהַּ he gives light
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="my darkness">
noun: חָשְׁכּ darkness
suffix-pronoun: ִי me
Fragment
Conjunction
conjunction: כִּי for
v. 29 Alternative
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 29 alt]
Fragment <status="alternative">
ClauseCluster
Clause
Subject
noun: אַתָּה you
Predicate
verb: are <status="elided">
Complement
ConstructChain
noun: נֵי lamp
suffix-pronoun: ִי me
Conjunction
conjunction: וַ and <status="emendation">
Clause
Subject
ConstructChain
noun: אֱלֹהַ God
suffix-pronoun: י me
noun: יְהוָה YHWH <status="emendation">
Predicate
verb: יַגִּיהַּ gives light
Object
ConstructChain
noun: חָשְׁכּ darkness
suffix-pronoun: ִי me
v. 30
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| כִּֽי־בְ֭ךָ אָרִ֣ץ גְּד֑וּד | 30a | For by you I can rout an army. |
| וּ֝בֵֽאלֹהַ֗י אֲדַלֶּג־שֽׁוּר׃ | 30b | And by my God I can scale a wall. |
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [30]
Fragment
Conjunction
conjunction: כִּי for
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb: אָרִץ I (can) route <status="revocalization">
verb: אָרֻץ I run <status="alternative">
Object
noun: גְּדוּד army
Object <status="alternative">
noun: גָּדֵר fence <status="emendation">
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְ in >> by
Object
suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
Conjunction
conjunction: וּ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: אֲדַלֶּג I (can) scale
Object
noun: שׁוּר wall
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בֵ in >> by
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="my God">
noun: אלֹהַ God
suffix-pronoun: י me
v. 31
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| הָאֵל֮ תָּמִ֪ים דַּ֫רְכּ֥וֹ | 31a | God—His way is perfect. |
| אִמְרַֽת־יְהוָ֥ה צְרוּפָ֑ה | 31b | The sayings of YHWH are true. |
| מָגֵ֥ן ה֝֗וּא לְכֹ֤ל ׀ הַחֹסִ֬ים בּֽוֹ׃ | 31c | He is a shield to all those who take refuge in him. |
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [31]
Fragment
Clause
Subject
ConstructChain <gloss="his way">
noun: דַּרְכּ way
CasusPendens
suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
Nominal
article: הָ the
noun: אֵל God
Predicate
verb: is
Complement
adjective: תָּמִים blameless >> perfect
Fragment
Clause
Subject
ConstructChain <gloss="the saying of YHWH">
noun: אִמְרַת saying
noun: יְהוָה YHWH
Predicate
verb: is
Complement
verb-participle: צְרוּפָה refined >> true
Fragment
Clause
Subject
pronoun: הוּא he
Predicate
verb: is
Complement
noun: מָגֵן shield
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לְ to
Object
Nominal
quantifier: כֹּל all
article: הַ the
verb-participle: חֹסִים those who take refuge
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בּ in
Object
suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
v. 32
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| כִּ֤י מִ֣י אֱ֭לוֹהַּ מִבַּלְעֲדֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה | 32a | For who is God besides YHWH? |
| וּמִ֥י צ֝֗וּר זוּלָתִ֥י אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃ | 32b | And who is a rock besides our God, |
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [32]
Fragment
Conjunction
conjunction: כִּי for
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Subject
pronoun: מִי who
Predicate
verb: is
Complement
Nominal
noun: אֱלוֹהַּ God
noun: אֵל God <status="alternative emendation">
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: מִבַּלְעֲדֵי besides
Object
noun: יְהוָה YHWH
Conjunction
conjunction: וּ and
Clause
Subject
pronoun: מִי who
Predicate
verb: is
Complement
noun: צוּר Rock* >> a place of refuge
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: זוּלָתִי except for
preposition: מִבַּלְעֲדֵי besides <status="alternative emendation">
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="our God">
noun: אֱלֹהֵי God
noun: נוּ us
v. 33
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| הָ֭אֵל הַמְאַזְּרֵ֣נִי חָ֑יִל | 33a | the God who arms me with strength |
| וַיִּתֵּ֖ן תָּמִ֣ים דַּרְכִּֽי׃ | 33b | and makes my endeavor secure? |
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [33]
Fragment
Apposition
ConstructChain <status="elided">
noun: אֱלֹהֵי God
noun: נוּ us
Nominal
article: הָ the
noun: אֵל God
Adjectival
article: הָ
Nominal
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb-participle: מְאַזְּרֵ the one who arms
Object
suffix-pronoun: נִי me
SecondObject
noun: חָיִל strength
Conjunction
conjunction: וַ
Clause
Predicate
verb: יִּתֵּן gives >> makes
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="my endeavor">
noun: דַּרְכּ way >> endeavour
noun: ִי me
Complement
adjective: תָּמִים blameless >> secure
v. 33 Alternative
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 33 alt]
Fragment <status="alternative">
ClauseCluster
Clause
Subject
Apposition
noun: הָאֵל
ConstructChain
noun: מָעוּז stronghold <status="emendation">
suffix-pronoun: ִי me
Predicate
Complement
noun: חָיִל strength
Conjunction
conjunction: וַ
Clause
Predicate
verb: יַתֵּר
Object
ConstructChain
noun: דַּרְכּ
noun: ִי
Complement
adjective: תָּמִים blameless >> secure
v. 34
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| מְשַׁוֶּ֣ה רַ֭גְלַי כָּאַיָּל֑וֹת | 34a | He makes my feet like those of deer. |
| וְעַ֥ל בָּ֝מֹתַ֗י יַעֲמִידֵֽנִי׃ | 34b | And he causes me to stand upon my heights. |
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [34]
Fragment
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: יַעֲמִידֵ he causes to stand
Object
suffix-pronoun: נִי me
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: עַל upon
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="my heights">
noun: בָּמֹתַ heights
suffix-pronoun: י me
Adverbial
Clause
Predicate
verb-participle: מְשַׁוֶּה making
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="my feet">
noun: רַגְלַ feet
suffix-pronoun: י me
Adverbial <gloss="like hinds' feet">
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: כָּ like
Object
ConstructChain
noun: רַגְלֵי feet <status="elided">
noun: אַיָּלוֹת hinds
v. 34 Alternative
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 34 alt]
Fragment <status="alternative">
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb-participle: מְשַׁוֶּה making
Object
ConstructChain
noun: רַגְלַ feet
suffix-pronoun: י me
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: כָּ like
Object
ConstructChain
noun: רַגְלֵי feet <status="elided">
noun: אַיָּלוֹת hinds
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: יַעֲמִידֵ he causes me to stand
Object
suffix-pronoun: נִי me
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: עַל upon
Object
ConstructChain
noun: בָּמֹתַ heights
suffix-pronoun: י me
v. 35
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| מְלַמֵּ֣ד יָ֭דַי לַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה | 35a | He trains my hands for war. |
| וְֽנִחַ֥ת קֶֽשֶׁת־נְ֝חוּשָׁ֗ה זְרוֹעֹתָֽי׃ | 35b | And he strengthens my arms with a bow of bronze. |
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [35]
Fragment
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Subject
Predicate
verb: נִחַת he strengthened <status="emendation">
verb: נִחֲתָה descend <status="alternative">
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="my arms">
noun: זְרוֹעֹתָ arms
suffix-pronoun: י me
SecondObject
ConstructChain <gloss="a bow of bronze">
noun: קֶשֶׁת bow
noun: נְחוּשָׁה bronze
Adverbial
Clause
Predicate
verb-participle: מְלַמֵּד teach >> training
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="my hands">
noun: יַדַ hand
suffix-pronoun: י me
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לַ for
Object
Nominal
article: הַ the <status="elided">
noun: מִּלְחָמָה war
v. 35 Alternative
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 35 alt]
Fragment <status="alternative">
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb-participle: מְלַמֵּד teach >> train
Object
ConstructChain
noun: יַדַ hand
suffix-pronoun: י me
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לַ for
Object
Nominal
article: הַ the <status="elided">
noun: מִּלְחָמָה war
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ
Clause
Subject
ConstructChain
noun: זְרֹעֹת
suffix-pronoun: ָי
Predicate
verb: נָחֲתָה direct >> aim <status="revocalization">
verb: נִחֲתָה descend <status="alternative">
Object
ConstructChain
noun: קֶשֶׁת bow
noun: נְחוּשָׁה bronze
v. 36
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| וַתִּתֶּן־לִי֮ מָגֵ֪ן יִ֫שְׁעֶ֥ךָ | 36a | And you give me the shield of your victory. |
| וִֽימִינְךָ֥ תִסְעָדֵ֑נִי | 36b | And your right hand supports me. |
| וְֽעֶזְרָתְךָ֥ תַרְבֵּֽנִי׃ | 36c | And your help makes me great. |
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [36]
Fragment
Conjunction
conjunction: וַ and
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb: תִּתֶּן you gave
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="the shield of your victory">
noun: מָגֵן shield
noun: יִשְׁעֶ salvation >> victory
suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: ל to
Object
suffix-pronoun: ִי me
Conjunction
conjunction: וִ and
Clause
Subject
ConstructChain <gloss="your right hand">
noun: ימִינְ right hand
suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
Predicate
verb: תִסְעָדֵ supporting
Object
suffix-pronoun: נִי me
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Clause
Subject
ConstructChain <gloss="your help">
noun: עֶזְרָתְ help <status="emendation">
suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
Subject <status="alternative">
ConstructChain
noun: עַנְוַתְ humility
Subject <status="alternative">
ConstructChain
noun: עַנֹתְ affliction <status="emendation">
Predicate
verb: תַרְבֵּ making great
Object
suffix-pronoun: נִי me
v. 37
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| תַּרְחִ֣יב צַעֲדִ֣י תַחְתָּ֑י | 37a | You enlarged my steps underneath me. |
| וְלֹ֥א מָ֝עֲד֗וּ קַרְסֻלָּֽי׃ | 37b | And my ankles did not falter. |
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [37]
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb: תַּרְחִיב you enlarged
Object
Nominal
ConstructChain <gloss="my steps">
noun: צַעֲד steps
suffix-pronoun: ִי me
Adjectival
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: תַחְתּ underneath
Object
suffix-pronoun: ָי me
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Clause
Subject
ConstructChain <gloss="my ankles">
noun: קַרְסֻלּ ankles
suffix-pronoun: ָי me
Predicate
verb: מָעֲדוּ they faltered
Adverbial
particle: לֹא not
v. 38
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| אֶרְדּ֣וֹף א֭וֹיְבַי וְאַשִּׂיגֵ֑ם | 38a | I chased my enemies and I overtook them. |
| וְלֹֽא־אָ֝שׁוּב עַד־כַּלּוֹתָֽם׃ | 38b | And I would not relent until their destruction. |
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [38]
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb: אֶרְדּוֹף so that I chased
verb: אֶרְדְּפָה I shall chase <status="alternative emendation">
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="my enemies">
noun: אוֹיְבַ enemies
suffix-pronoun: י me
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: אַשִּׂיגֵ I overtook
verb: אַשׁמִידֵ destroy <status="alternative emendation">
Object
suffix-pronoun: ם them
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: אָשׁוּב I turned back >> I would not relent
Adverbial
particle: לֹא not
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="until their destruction">
Preposition
preposition: עַד until
Object
Clause
Subject <located="after infinitive construct">
Predicate
ConstructChain
verb-infinitive: כַּלּוֹת finish >> destroy >> destruction
suffix-pronoun: ָם them
v. 39
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| אֶ֭מְחָצֵם וְלֹא־יֻ֣כְלוּ ק֑וּם | 39a | I violently beat them, and they could not stand. |
| יִ֝פְּל֗וּ תַּ֣חַת רַגְלָֽי׃ | 39b | They fell beneath my feet. |
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [39]
Fragment <status="alternative">
conjunction: וָ and <status="emendation">
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause <status="alternative">
Predicate
verb: אֲכַלֵּ finish >> destroy <status="emendation">
Object
suffix-pronoun: ם them <status="emendation">
Conjunction <status="alternative">
conjunction: וָ and <status="emendation">
Clause
Predicate
verb: אֶמְחָצֵ I violently beat
Object
suffix-pronoun: ם them
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: יֻכְלוּ they could
verb: יְקוּמוּן they rise <status="alternative emendation">
Adverbial
particle: לֹא not
Object
Clause
Predicate
verb-infinitive: קוּם stand
Adverbial <status="alternative">
verb-infinitive: קוּם stand
Fragment <status="alternative">
conjunction: וָ and <status="emendation">
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: יִפְּלוּ they fell
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: תַּחַת beneath
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="my feet">
noun: רַגְלָ feet
suffix-pronoun: י me
v. 40
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| וַתְּאַזְּרֵ֣נִי חַ֭יִל לַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה | 40a | And so you armed me with strength for war. |
| תַּכְרִ֖יעַ קָמַ֣י תַּחְתָּֽי׃ | 40b | You make those who rise up against me kneel underneath me. |
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [40]
Fragment
Conjunction
conjunction: וַ and
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: תְּאַזְּרֵ you equipped
Object
suffix-pronoun: נִי me
SecondObject
noun: חַיִל strength
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לַ for
Object
article: הַ the <status="elided">
noun: מִּלְחָמָה war
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: תַּכְרִיעַ you make kneel
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="those who rise up against me">
verb-participle: קָמַ those who rise up (against)
suffix-pronoun: י me
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: תַּחְתָּ underneath
Object
suffix-pronoun: י me
v. 41
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| וְֽאֹיְבַ֗י נָתַ֣תָּה לִּ֣י עֹ֑רֶף | 41a | And you have made my enemies retreat from me. |
| וּ֝מְשַׂנְאַ֗י אַצְמִיתֵֽם׃ | 41b | And as for those who hate me, I wipe them out. |
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [41]
Fragment
conjunction: וְ and
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb: נָתַתָּה you gave
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="my enemies">
noun: אֹיְב enemies
suffix-pronoun: ַי me
SecondObject
noun: עֹרֶף neck
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לּ to
Object
suffix-pronoun: ִי me
Conjunction
conjunction: וּ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: אַצְמִיתֵ I wipe out
Object
CasusPendens
suffix-pronoun: ם them
ConstructChain <gloss="those who hate me">
verb-participle: מְשַׂנְא those who hate
suffix-pronoun: ַי me
v. 41b Alternative
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 41b alt]
Fragment <status="alternative">
Nominal
ConstructChain
verb-participle: מְשַׂנְא those who hate
suffix-pronoun: ַי me
Conjunction
conjunction: וָ and <status="emendation">
Clause
Predicate
verb: אַצְמִית I wipe out
Object
CasusPendens
Nominal
suffix-pronoun: ֵם them
Nominal
ConstructChain <status="elided">
verb-participle: מְשַׂנְא those who hate
suffix-pronoun: ַַי me
v. 42
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| יְשַׁוְּע֥וּ וְאֵין־מוֹשִׁ֑יעַ | 42a | They cry out for help, and there is no rescuer. |
| אֶל־יְ֝הוָ֗ה וְלֹ֣א עָנָֽם׃ | 42b | to YHWH, and he has not answered them. |
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [42]
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb: יְשַׁוְּעוּ they cry out for help
Predicate <status="alternative">
verb: יִשְׁעוּ they gaze >> look for <status="emendation">
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Clause
Subject
verb-participle: מֹשִׁיעַ a rescuer
Predicate
Adverbial
particle: אֵין there is not
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb: יְשַׁוּעוּ they cry out for help <status="elided">
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: אֶל to
Preposition <status="alternative">
preposition: עַל <status="emendation">
Object
noun: יְהוָה YHWH
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: עָנָ he answered
Object
suffix-pronoun: ם them
Adverbial
particle: לֹא not
v. 43
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| וְֽאֶשְׁחָקֵ֗ם כְּעָפָ֥ר עַל־פְּנֵי־אֹ֑֑רַח | 43a | And I crush them like the dust on the road. |
| כְּטִ֖יט חוּצ֣וֹת אֶרְקָעֵֽם׃ | 43b | I beat them like the mud of the streets. |
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [43]
Fragment
Particle
conjunction: וְ and
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: אֶשְׁחָקֵ I crush
Object
suffix-pronoun: ם them
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: כְּ like
Object
noun: עָפָר dust
Adjectival
PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="on the road">
Preposition
preposition: עַל upon
Object
ConstructChain
noun: פְּנֵי face* >> surface
noun: אֹרַח <status="emendation"> path >> road
Adverbial <status="alternative">
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: עַל upon
Object
ConstructChain
noun: פְּנֵי face*>>front
noun: רוּח wind
Adverbial <status="alternative">
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: כַּ like
Object
ConstructChain
noun: עֲפַר dust
noun: אָרֶץ earth <status="emendation">
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: אֶרְקָעֵ I beat <status="emendation">
verb: אֲרִיקֵ I pour out <status="alternative">
verb: אֲדִּקֵ I crush <status="alternative emendation">
Object
suffix-pronoun: ם them
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="like street-mud">
Preposition
preposition: ְכּ like
Object
ConstructChain
noun: טִיט mud
noun: חוּצוֹת streets
v. 44
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| תְּפַלְּטֵנִי֮ מֵרִ֪יבֵ֫י עַםִ֥ים | 44a | You will deliver me from people's indictments. |
| תְּ֭שִׂימֵנִי לְרֹ֣אשׁ גּוֹיִ֑ם | 44b | You will make me head of nations. |
| עַ֖ם לֹא־יָדַ֣עְתִּי יַֽעַבְדֽוּנִי׃ | 44c | people I do not know will serve me. |
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [44]
Fragment
Conjunction <status="alternative">
conjunction: וַ and <status="emendation">
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: תְּפַלְּטֵ you will deliver
Object
suffix-pronoun: נִי me
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="from peoples' indictments">
Preposition
preposition: מֵ from
Object
ConstructChain
Nominal
noun: רִיבֵי disputes >> indictments
Nominal
Nominal
noun: עַמִּים peoples <status="emendation">
Nominal
noun: עָמ people <status="alternative emendation">
ConstructChain <status="alternative">
noun: עַמּ people
suffix-pronoun: ִי me
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: תְּשִׂימֵ you will set >> you will make
verb: תִּשְׁמְרֵ you keep <status="alternative emendation">
Object
suffix-pronoun: נִי me
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="into the head of nations">
Preposition
preposition: לְ to
Object
ConstructChain
noun: רֹאשׁ head
noun: גּוֹיִם nations
Fragment
Clause
Subject
noun: עַם people
RelativeClause
RelativeParticle
particle:
Clause
Predicate
verb: יָדַעְתִּי I know
Object <located="relative clause head">
Adverbial
particle: לֹא not
Predicate
verb: יַעַבְדוּ they will serve
Object
suffix-pronoun: נִי me
v. 45
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| לְשֵׁ֣מַֽע אֹ֭זֶן יִשָּׁ֣מְעוּ לִ֑י | 45a | As soon as they hear rumors of me they will show obedience to me. |
| בְּנֵֽי־נֵ֝כָ֗ר יְכַחֲשׁוּ־לִֽי׃ | 45b | Foreigners will submit to me. |
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [45]
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: יִשָּׁמְעוּ they will show obedience
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="at the report of the ear >> as soon as they hear the rumors">
Preposition
preposition: לְ to >> at
Object
ConstructChain
noun: שֵׁמַע report
noun: אֹזֶן ear
Adverbial <status="alternative">
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לִ to
Object
Clause
Subject <located="after infinitive construct">
Predicate
ConstructChain
verb-infinitive: שְׁמוֹעַ hearing <status="emendation">
noun: אֹזֶן ear
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: ל to
Object
suffix-pronoun: ִי me
Fragment
Clause
Subject
ConstructChain <gloss="sons of a foreigner >> foreigners">
noun: בְּנֵי sons
noun: נֵכָר foreigner
Predicate
verb: יְכַחֲשׁוּ they will cringe >> they will submit
verb: יִתְכַּחֲשׁוּ submitted <status="alternative emendation">
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: ל to
Object
suffix-pronoun: ִי me
v. 46
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| בְּנֵי־נֵכָ֥ר יִבֹּ֑לוּ | 46a | Foreigners will lose heart |
| וְ֝יַחְרְג֗וּ מִֽמִּסְגְּרֽוֹתֵיהֶֽם׃ | 46b | and tremble from their fortresses. |
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [46]
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Subject
ConstructChain <gloss="sons of a foreigner >> foreigners">
noun: בְּנֵי sons
noun: נֵכָר foreigner
Predicate
verb: יִבֹּלוּ they will lose heart
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: יַחְרְגוּ they will tremble
verb: יַחְגְּרוּ they gird themselves <status="alternative emendation">
Adverbial <status="alternative">
particle: לֹא not <status="emendation">
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="from their fortresses">
Preposition
preposition: מִ from
Object
ConstructChain
noun: מִּסְגְרוֹתָ enclosure >> fortresses
suffix-pronoun: הֶם them
Adverbial <status="alternative">
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: מִ from
Object
ConstructChain
noun: מֹסְרוֹתָ bonds <status="emendation">
suffix-pronoun: ם them <status="emendation">
v. 47
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| חַי־יְ֭הוָה וּבָר֣וּךְ צוּרִ֑י | 47a | YHWH lives! And my rock is blessed! |
| וְ֝יָר֗וּם אֱלוֹהֵ֥י יִשְׁעִֽי׃ | 47b | And the God of my rescue is exalted! |
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [47]
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Subject
noun: יְהוָה YHWH
Predicate
verb: is
Complement
adjective: חַי lives* >> engaged
Conjunction
conjunction: וּ and
Clause
Subject
ConstructChain <gloss="my Rock">
noun: צוּר Rock
suffix-pronoun: ִי me
Predicate
verb: is
Complement
verb-participle: בָרוּךְ blessed
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Clause
Subject
ConstructChain <gloss="the God who rescues me">
noun: אֱלוֹהֵי God
noun: צוּר Rock <status="alternative emendation">
noun: יִשְע rescue
suffix-pronoun: ִי me
Predicate
verb: יָרוּם he is exalted
v. 48
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| הָאֵ֗ל הַנּוֹתֵ֣ן נְקָמ֣וֹת לִ֑י | 48a | God—who gives me vengeance, |
| וַיַּדְבֵּ֖ר עַמִּ֣ים תַּחְתָּֽי׃ | 48b | and subdues peoples underneath me. |
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [48]
Fragment
Apposition
ConstructChain <status="elided">
noun: אֱלוֹהֵי God
noun: יִשְׁע rescue
suffix-pronoun: ִי me
Nominal
article: ה the
noun: אֵל God
Adjectival
article: הַ
Nominal
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb-participle: נּוֹתֵן giving
Object
noun: נְקָמוֹת vengeance
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: ל to
Object
suffix-pronoun: ִי me
Conjunction
conjunction: וַ
Clause
Predicate
verb: יַדְבֵּר subduing
verb: מוֹרִיד brings down <status="alternative emendation">
verb: מרדד flatten >> subjugate <status="alternative emendation">
Object
noun: עַמִּים peoples
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: תַּחְתּ beneath
Object
suffix-pronoun: ָי me
suffix-pronoun: ֵנִִ me <status="alternative emendation">
v. 48 Alternative 1
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 48 alt1]
Fragment <status="alternative">
Clause
Subject <status="alternative">
CasusPendens
pronoun: ()
Nominal
article: הַ
noun: אֵל
Predicate
Complement
article: הַ the
Nominal
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb-participle: נּוֹתֵן gives
Object
noun: נְקָמוֹת vengeance
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: ל to
Object
suffix-pronoun: ִי me
Conjunction
conjunction: וַ
Clause
Predicate
verb: יַדְבֵּר subdues
verb: מוֹרִיד brings down <status="alternative emendation">
verb: מרדד flatten >> subjugate <status="alternative emendation">
Object
noun: עַמִּים peoples
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: תַּחְתּ beneath
Object
suffix-pronoun: ָי me
suffix-pronoun: ֵנִִ me <status="alternative emendation">
v. 48 Alternative 2
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 48 alt2]
Fragment <status="alternative">
Clause
Subject <status="alternative">
Vocative
Nominal
article: הַ
noun: אֵל
Predicate
Complement
article: הַ the
Nominal
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb-participle: נּוֹתֵן gives
Object
noun: נְקָמוֹת vengeance
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: ל to
Object
suffix-pronoun: ִי me
Conjunction
conjunction: וַ
Clause
Predicate
verb: יַדְבֵּר subdues
verb: מוֹרִיד brings down <status="alternative emendation">
verb: מרדד flatten >> subjugate <status="alternative emendation">
Object
noun: עַמִּים peoples
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: תַּחְתּ beneath
Object
suffix-pronoun: ָי me
suffix-pronoun: ֵנִִ me <status="alternative emendation">
v. 49
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| מְפַלְּטִ֗י מֵאֹ֫יְבָ֥י | 49a | You who deliver me from my enemies |
| אַ֣ף מִן־קָ֭מַי תְּרוֹמְמֵ֑נִי | 49b | will indeed exalt me over those who rise up against me. |
| מֵאִ֥ישׁ חָ֝מָ֗ס תַּצִּילֵֽנִי׃ | 49c | You will rescue me from the violent man. |
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [49]
Fragment
particle: אַף indeed
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: תְּרוֹמְמֵ you will exalt
Object
suffix-pronoun: נִי me
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: מִן from >> more than
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="those who rise up against me">
verb-participle: קָמַ those who rise against
suffix-pronoun: י me
Adverbial
Clause
Subject
Predicate
verb-participle: מְפַלְּט delivering
Object
suffix-pronoun: ִי me
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="from my enemies">
Preposition
preposition: מֵ from
Object
ConstructChain
noun: אֹיְבָ enemies
suffix-pronoun: י me
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: תַּצִּילֵ you wil rescue
verb: תִּצְּרֵ you keep <status="alternative emendation">
Object
suffix-pronoun: נִי me
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: מֵ from
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="violent men">
noun: אִישׁ man
Nominal
Nominal
noun: חָמָס violence
Nominal
noun: חַמָסִים violences >> violent acts <status="alternative emendation">
v. 49 Alternative
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 49 alt]
Fragment <status="alternative">
Conjunction
conjunction: וּ and <status="emendation">
Fragment <status="alternative">
Clause
Predicate
verb-participle: מוֹצִיאִ bring out <status="emendation">
Object
suffix-pronoun: ִי me
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: מֵ from >> from among
Object
ConstructChain
noun: אֹיְבָ enemies
suffix-pronoun: י me
v. 50
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| עַל־כֵּ֤ן ׀ אוֹדְךָ֖ בַגּוֹיִ֥ם ׀ יְהוָ֑ה | 50a | Therefore I shall praise you among the nations, YHWH! |
| וּלְשִׁמְךָ֥ אֲזַמֵּֽרָה׃ | 50b | And I shall sing praise to your name, |
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [50]
Fragment
particle: עַל־כֵּן upon thus >> therefore
Fragment
Vocative
noun: יְהוָה YHWH
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb: אוֹד I shall praise
Object
suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בַ among
Object
article: הַ the <status="elided">
noun: גּוֹיִם nations
Conjunction
conjunction: וּ and
Clause
Predicate
Predicate
verb: אֲזַמֵּרָה I shall sing praise
verb: אֲזַמֵּּר I sing praise <status="alternative emendation">
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="to your name">
Preposition
preposition: לְ to
Object
ConstructChain
noun: שִׁמְ name
suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
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